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class="sidebar-link">【防守方】Webshell排查</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/hw/purple-team.html" title="【裁判方】紫队视角看2020年络网络攻防实战演习" class="sidebar-link">【裁判方】紫队视角看2020年络网络攻防实战演习</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>代码审计</span> <span class="arrow right"><i aria-label="icon: down" class="anticon anticon-down"><svg viewBox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" data-icon="down" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M884 256h-75c-5.1 0-9.9 2.5-12.9 6.6L512 654.2 227.9 262.6c-3-4.1-7.8-6.6-12.9-6.6h-75c-6.5 0-10.3 7.4-6.5 12.7l352.6 486.1c12.8 17.6 39 17.6 51.7 0l352.6-486.1c3.9-5.3.1-12.7-6.4-12.7z"></path></svg></i></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul></aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-antdocs-content content__default"><h2 id="账号安全">账号安全 <a href="#账号安全" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <p>先查看基础用户信息文件(/etc/passwd，/etc/shadow，/etc/group)</p> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token number">1</span>、查询特权用户特权用户<span class="token punctuation">(</span>uid 为0<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'<span class="token variable">$3</span>==0{print <span class="token variable">$1</span>}'</span> /etc/passwd

<span class="token number">2</span>、查询可以远程登录的帐号信息
<span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'/\<span class="token variable">$1</span>|\<span class="token variable">$6</span>/{print <span class="token variable">$1</span>}'</span> /etc/shadow

<span class="token number">3</span>、除root帐号外，其他帐号是否存在sudo权限。如非管理需要，普通帐号应删除sudo权限
<span class="token function">more</span> /etc/sudoers <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">grep</span> -v <span class="token string">&quot;^#\|^$&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">grep</span> <span class="token string">&quot;ALL=(ALL)&quot;</span>

<span class="token number">4</span>、禁用或删除多余及可疑的帐号
<span class="token function">usermod</span> -L user    <span class="token comment">#禁用帐号，帐号无法登录，/etc/shadow第二栏为!开头</span>
<span class="token function">userdel</span> -r user    <span class="token comment">#将删除user用户，并且将/home目录下的user目录一并删除</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h2 id="查看历史命令">查看历史命令 <a href="#查看历史命令" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">cat</span> ~/bash_history <span class="token operator">&gt;&gt;</span> history.txt
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="检查网络连接">检查网络连接 <a href="#检查网络连接" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">netstat</span> -antlp<span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token function">more</span>

<span class="token comment">#查看 PID 所对应的进程文件路径</span>
<span class="token function">file</span> /proc/<span class="token variable">$PID</span>/exe
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="检查异常进程">检查异常进程 <a href="#检查异常进程" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">ps</span> aux <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">grep</span> pid
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="检查开机启动项">检查开机启动项 <a href="#检查开机启动项" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <p>系统运行级别示意图：</p> <table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;">运行级别</th> <th style="text-align:center;">含义</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;">0</td> <td style="text-align:center;">关机</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:center;">单用户模式，可以想象为windows的安全模式，主要用于系统修复</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:center;">不完全的命令行模式，不含NFS服务</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:center;">完全的命令行模式，就是标准字符界面</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:center;">系统保留</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:center;">图形模式</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:center;">重启动</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment">#系统默认允许级别</span>
<span class="token function">vi</span>  /etc/inittab
<span class="token assign-left variable">id</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">3</span>：initdefault  <span class="token comment">#系统开机后直接进入哪个运行级别</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>当我们需要开机启动自己的脚本时，只需要将可执行脚本丢在<code>/etc/init.d</code>目录下，然后在<code>/etc/rc.d/rc*.d</code>中建立软链接即可</p> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">ln</span> -s /etc/init.d/sshd /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S100ssh	
<span class="token comment">#S开头代表加载时自启动</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h2 id="检查定时任务">检查定时任务 <a href="#检查定时任务" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">ls</span> -al /var/spool/cron/* 
<span class="token function">cat</span> /etc/crontab
/etc/cron.d/*
/etc/cron.daily/* 
/etc/cron.hourly/* 
/etc/cron.monthly/*
/etc/cron.weekly/

<span class="token comment">#查看目录下所有文件</span>
<span class="token function">more</span> /etc/cron.d/*

/etc/anacrontab
/var/spool/anacron/*
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><p><a href="http://blog.lujun9972.win/blog/2018/04/19/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8anacron%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%9F%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">anacrontab是啥<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p> <h2 id="检查服务">检查服务 <a href="#检查服务" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">chkconfig</span>  --list  <span class="token comment">#查看服务自启动状态，可以看到所有的RPM包安装的服务</span>

<span class="token comment">#源码包安装的服务位置</span>
/user/local/
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="检查异常文件">检查异常文件 <a href="#检查异常文件" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <blockquote><p>1、查看敏感目录，如/tmp目录下的文件，同时注意隐藏文件夹，以“..”为名的文件夹具有隐藏属性</p> <p>2、针对可疑文件可以使用<code>stat</code>查看创建修改时间</p> <p>3、发现WebShell、远控木马的创建时间</p> <p><strong>如何找出同一时间范围内创建的文件？</strong></p> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">find</span> ./ -iname <span class="token string">&quot;*&quot;</span> -atime <span class="token number">1</span> -type f 
<span class="token comment">#找出 ./ 下一天前访问过的文件</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div></blockquote> <h2 id="检查系统日志">检查系统日志 <a href="#检查系统日志" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <p>日志默认存放位置：/var/log/</p> <p>查看日志配置情况：more /etc/rsyslog.conf</p> <table><thead><tr><th style="text-align:center;">日志文件</th> <th style="text-align:center;">说明</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;">/var/log/cron</td> <td style="text-align:center;">记录系统定时任务相关的日志</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;">/var/log/message</td> <td style="text-align:center;">记录Linux操作系统常见的系统和服务错误信息(首要检查对象)</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/var/log/btmp</code></td> <td style="text-align:center;">记录<strong>错误登录（登陆失败）<strong>日志；使用</strong>lastb</strong>命令查看</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/var/log/lastlog</code></td> <td style="text-align:center;">记录系统中所有用户最后一次成功登录时间，使用<strong>lastlog</strong>命令查看</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;"><code>/var/log/wtmp</code></td> <td style="text-align:center;">永久记录所有用户的登录、注销信息，同时记录系统的启动、重启、关机事件；用<strong>last</strong>命令来查看</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;">/var/log/utmp</td> <td style="text-align:center;">只记录<strong>当前登录用户</strong>的信息；使用<strong>w,who,users</strong>等命令来查询</td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center;">/var/log/secure</td> <td style="text-align:center;">记录验证和授权方面的信息，如SSH登录，su切换用户，sudo授权，甚至添加用户和修改用户密码</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment">#查询ssh登录记录</span>
<span class="token function">more</span> /var/log/secure

<span class="token comment">#安装软件的日志-&gt; Centos</span>
/var/log/yum.log
<span class="token comment">#安装软件的日志-&gt; Ubuntu</span>
/var/log/apt/
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p><strong>/var/log/syslog</strong>：只记录警告信息，常常是系统出问题的信息；</p> <blockquote><p>syslog是Linux系统默认的日志守护进程</p> <p>默认的syslog配置文件是/etc/sysctl.conf文件</p> <p><strong>syslog不可以使用vi等工具直接查看，它是二进制文件，使用 lastlog 查看</strong></p></blockquote> <p>默认Centos，Fedora不生成该日志文件，但可以配置让系统生成该日志文件</p> <p><code>/etc/rsyslog.conf</code>文件中加上：<code>*.warning /var/log/syslog</code></p> <p>该日志文件能记录当用户登录时login记录下的错误口令、Sendmail的问题、su命令执行失败等信息</p> <p><strong>正确清空syslog日志的方式</strong></p> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">cat</span> /dev/null <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> /etc/init.d/syslog
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">12/18/2021, 12:46:42 PM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/knowledge/hw/windows-emergency-response.html" class="prev"><i aria-label="icon: left" class="anticon anticon-left"><svg viewBox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" data-icon="left" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M724 218.3V141c0-6.7-7.7-10.4-12.9-6.3L260.3 486.8a31.86 31.86 0 0 0 0 50.3l450.8 352.1c5.3 4.1 12.9.4 12.9-6.3v-77.3c0-4.9-2.3-9.6-6.1-12.6l-360-281 360-281.1c3.8-3 6.1-7.7 6.1-12.6z"></path></svg></i>
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